A chronic operational problem with circulating fluidized bed boilers is ash buildup or agglomeration that turns into slag, which forces frequent shutdowns for cleaning. Solving the problem is tricky, ...

Copper is present in ores in the form of carbonates, sulfates, silicates, oxides and hydroxides with the most common minerals being malachite, azurite, cuprite, chrysocolla and tenorite. Copper is ...

The large literature on agglomeration economies attests to the higher average productivity of firms in larger cities. However, this literature focuses on positive externalities, and a second potential ...

Researchers have developed a multilevel dispersion strategy that synergistically combines in situ confined growth, ultrasonication, atomization, and rotational shearing to incorporate ...

Powder properties in four phases (powder pretreatment, dispersion and mixing, molding, and sintering) typically impact the robustness of modern ceramic products. Particle size is the most important ...

More productive firms may choose to locate in industry clusters in order to benefit from agglomeration externalities. However, negative sorting and adverse selection effects are also possible. This ...